Tree species-rich open oak woodlands within scattered urban landscapes promote biodiversity

It is becoming increasingly evident that cities are important places for biodiversity. Biodiverse urban forests are vital green areas within cities and have favorable impacts on the citizens, including their health. We focused on the effect of the urban forest environment on biodiversity in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. We used a multi-taxon approach with five taxa of different ecological demands: butterflies, bees and wasps, vascular plants, mosses, and lichens. We modeled their responses to the various urban forest attributes at four hierarchical levels – plot, permeability, forest, and landscape. Our results revealed that temporally continuous forests dominated by native oaks with open canopies, a high number of admixed and interspersed tree species and shrubs, together with scattered trees in the surrounding landscape, were optimal biodiverse forest environments. The most influential parameter that positively influenced bees and wasps, plants, and lichens at the plot level was canopy openness. We found that the permeability was suitable mainly on 20 m surroundings and increasing coverage of native oaks and tree species richness were the most important parameters. Continuity was the only found parameter that influenced mosses at the forest level. Scattered tree vegetation was the most important landscape parameter and positively drove the species richness of bees and wasps. Forest management methods can relatively easily solve the improvement of the scattered light gap structure within urban forests. Applying traditional forest management (pasture management, controlled burning and/or coppicing) is also an option but requires sensitive communication with the public. The canopy cover has been used as an indicator of urban forest health conditions, now indicating that artificial disturbances could be important issues for urban forest management and planning in the future. Therefore, active forest management is an essential method for biodiversity maintenance. We conclude that urban forests have a high potential for increasing native biodiversity. The response of the studied groups in urban forests was complementary. The resulting biodiverse stages of urban forests are akin to the established idea of the open temperate deciduous woodlands.     

Carbon sinks in urban public green spaces under carbon neutrality: A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review

Urban green spaces play essential roles in regulating the global carbon cycle and reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. However, research on the carbon sequestration efficiency of urban public green spaces, which is closely related to the human settlement environment, has not received enough attention. Thus, we systematically analyzed the existing literature in the Web of Science core database using bibliometrics and network analysis combined with the CiteSpace visualization tool. The aim of this review was to elucidate the focus and development trend of research conducted between 2007 and 2022 on carbon sinks in urban public green spaces. Our results demonstrated that: 1) Numbers of related publications are increasing annually, indicating that the subject is receiving increasing global attention. Related research topics primarily focus on two aspects: carbon sink measurement methods and sustainable carbon sink design for urban public green spaces. 2) Methods for measuring and monitoring carbon sinks in the urban public green spaces include sample plot measurement, the assimilation method, the micrometeorological method, the remote sensing (RS) estimation method, and laboratory work. Most methods follow the forestry system approach and lack the methods and techniques to directly assess the carbon sink effectiveness of urban public green spaces. 3) Key factors affecting the carbon sink capacity of urban public green spaces are: plant species selection, plant community structure, green space characteristics, and maintenance management. 4) Future research should focus on encouraging public participation in the design of sustainable carbon sinks in urban public green spaces, advancing biodiversity research on carbon sinks in urban public green spaces, and enhancing the precision of measurements while addressing regional differences. This study contributes to the integration of research on the effectiveness of carbon sinks in urban public green spaces and provides a theoretical reference and guidance reduces prospective urban emission and achieves climate goals.     

湘江衡阳段河漫滩沉积物粒度特征与历史洪水事件

[目的]分析河漫滩沉积记录的历史时期洪水信息,揭示极端洪水事件和洪水发生规律,为防洪减灾提供指导.[方法]根据湘江河漫滩沉积剖面91个样品的粒度分析,结合AMS 14C精确测年,分析湘江衡阳段河漫滩剖面粒度特征与洪水事件.[结果]①河漫滩沉积物粒度组成以粗粉砂、粗砂、极细砂为主.粒度参数显示,剖面洪水沉积动力较强,分选...     

Investigating the spatial distribution of urban parks from the perspective of equity-efficiency: Evidence from Chengdu,China

Urban parks play a crucial role in urban public green infrastructure, providing recreational places for urban residents while carrying values of aesthetics, ecology, humanities, economy, life, and society. However, achieving an equitable and efficient spatial layout of urban parks is a challenging task due to limited urban space resources, which requires further exploration. This study employed multisource big data and GIS technology to constructed an indicator system for evaluating the equity-efficiency of urban park spatial distribution. We examined the spatial distribution of 85 parks across 62 sub-districts in the main urban area of Chengdu, the largest city in western China and the first Park City of China. The results demonstrated that equity was polarized, with an indicator value ranging from 0 to 0.77 and an average value of 0.32. The sub-district of Sansheng had the highest equity, while Wenjia and Kanghe had the lowest equity. Twenty-one sub-districts had no parks, and the equity of park spatial distribution in these areas was low. The efficiency indicator ranged from 0.20 to 0.62, with an average value of 0.40. The efficiency of the main urban area was high in the southwest and low in the northeast. The sub-district of Huangtianba had the highest efficiency, while Jinguanyi had the lowest efficiency. In the two-dimensional quadrant of equity-efficiency, 24 sub-districts had high equity and high efficiency, 13 sub-districts had high equity and low efficiency, 4 sub-districts had low equity and high efficiency, and 21 sub-districts had low equity and low efficiency. At the district level, only Chenghua District’s park was spatial equitable and efficient, surpassing the average level of the main urban area. Finally, we discussed the findings in the context of planning policies for Chengdu in recent years. We proposed that strengthening the construction of small urban parks and green spaces, improving park facilities to meet the diverse social needs of people, and enhancing the quality and attractiveness of the parks are crucial for the future development of park green spaces in the main urban areas of Chengdu.     

耕地空间保护格局影响因素及整治规划对策——以甘肃省平凉市崆峒区为例

[目的]通过对耕地保护现状空间格局成因及其空间相关性分析,划分科学的耕地整治规划分区,为进一步优化崆峒区耕地布局,提升耕地质量,科学利用、保护耕地提供参考。[方法]以甘肃省平凉市崆峒区为例,采用景观格局指数法、多目标决策法、Spreaman秩相关法、聚类分析法,选取耕地坡度、耕地保护政策、城镇化影响来分析耕地景观格局现状与其在空间上的存在的协同或权衡关系,构建耕地保护格局相关性分析评价指标体系。[结果](1)研究区整体上耕地景观格局指数2010—2022年上升3.55%,耕地集聚程度大部分区域呈现下降趋势,但在整个过程中呈现波动。区域土地利用程度整体上呈上升趋势,各乡镇耕地布局特征及土地利用程度差异明显。(2)耕地保护指数2022年较2010年上升315.30%,2°～6°耕地增加120.96%,15°～25°耕地减少32.64%,>25°耕地减少100%,耕地质量提升明显,与耕地景观格局在空间上高度协同;城镇化影响指数呈上升趋势。2010—2022年城镇化影响指数上升25.17%,城镇化对耕地布局影响加大,与耕地景观格局在空间上存在权衡关系。(3)划分耕地质量提升重点区、耕地质...     

安庆市大气污染现状及防治对策探究

随着经济发展,城市化进程的加快,城市大气环境污染问题受到广泛关注.治理大气污染,改善城市环境空气质量,是建设生态文明城市的关键.以安庆市为例,探究了安庆市大气污染的现状,讨论了污染的特点及成因,并结合实际提出了健全完善的环保立法、优化产业结构、发展城市绿色交通、提高公众环保意识等防治对策,为防治大气污染、提高城市大气环...     

太原市居住区绿地植物多样性特征及其与社会经济因素相关性研究

基于山西省太原市45个居住区绿地植物多样性调查,运用植物多样性指数及PCA主成分分析,分析居住区绿地植物多样性特征及其与社会经济因子之间的关系。结果表明,太原市居住区绿地中维管束植物146种,隶属于39科、73属,其中乔木101种,灌木45种。53%的居住区绿地中的乔木物种数为11～20种,而51%的居住区绿地中的灌木物种数为5种及以下,乔木物种的丰富度和均匀度均明显高于灌木物种。PCA排序结果显示,城镇居民人均可支配收入、城镇居民人均消费性支出及房龄是影响植物多样性水平的主要因子。     

活立木市场交易价格影响因素研究

基于2018—2020年浙江省龙泉市900宗活立木交易数据,采用半对数多元线性回归模型研究木材市场价格、单位面积蓄积、林分质量等因素对活立木交易价格的影响。结果表明,龙泉市活立木交易平均价格为3 976元/hm²,木材市场价格、单位面积蓄积、单位面积株数、平均胸径对活立木交易价格有显著的正向影响;流入方性质和流出方性质对活立木交易价格有显著影响,且影响存在差异性。提出规范木材市场交易,加强森林资源评估工作,提升交易的公平性,全面推进林权抵押贷款等建议。     

香格里拉市泥炭沼泽生态系统服务功能价值评估

香格里拉市高寒地区分布有众多泥炭沼泽生态系统,在云南省具有典型性、代表性,在湿地生态系统功能调节过程中具有不可估量的作用。根据《云南省泥炭沼泽碳库调查报告》,结合香格里拉市泥炭沼泽生态系统特点,构建了泥炭沼泽生态系统服务功能价值评估指标体系,评估了支持功能、调节功能和文化功能3项服务功能价值,包括8个具体评价指标。估算结果表明,香格里拉市泥炭沼泽生态系统服务功能总价值为5.99亿元/a,单位面积价值为110.86元/(m²·a),其中：间接价值占总价值的95.32%,蓄水调洪、固氮释氧以及气候调节价值最显著。     

湛江市中澳友谊花园鸟类多样性研究

为了解湛江城市公园的鸟类动态与多样性,2017年7月至2018年6月,采用样点法及样线法,对湛江市中澳友谊花园鸟类群落组成及多样性进行调查,共记录到鸟类40种,隶属8目22科。其中雀形目（Passeriformes）鸟类最多,共12科21种。记录国家二级保护鸟类3种,广东省保护鸟类5种。优势种为白喉红臀鹎（Pycnonotus aurigaster）、池鹭（Ardeola bacchus）、家燕（Hirundo rustica）,分别占总数的13.20%、11.33%、11.58%。鸟类多样性指数（H）为3.00,均匀度指数（J）为0.81;鸟类多样性3月最高,种类共20种,占总数的50%;9月的种类最少,共10种,占总数的25%。